References - Computers and Technology

Imagine a cell phone that recharges its battery as it rides on your hip. Or a wireless sensor that gets its electrical power from the motions the device is sensing.

How about vibration damping technologies powered by the very movements they’re suppressing?

Such developments may be the tip of an iceberg. Adva

According to USFDA, a combination product is one composed of any combination of a drug and device; biological product and device; drug and biological product

nced Cerametrics of Lambertville, N.J., has developed a new technology that generates 10 time the power of previous energy-harvesting materials while eliminating their application- limiting factors.

The technology is a radical new variation on an old and respected means of harvesting energy: piezoelectri

; or drug, device, and biological product and fixed dose combination would include two or more combinations of drug.

Examples of combination products may in

ity.

From electricity to motion, and vice versa

In 1880, Pierre and Jacques Curie discovered that certain crystals generate a charge when pressed. They deemed them piezo crystals, from the Greek for “press.”

Piezoelectric crystals are transducers. They turn mechanical energy into electricity. Conve

lude drug-coated devices, drugs packaged with delivery devices in medical kits, and drugs and devices packaged separately but intended to be used together.

rsely, they respond to electrical charges by expanding or contracting.

But traditional piezoelectric compounds are bulky, brittle and inefficient. They convert no more than 40 percent of mechanical energy to electricity. When subjected to an electrical field or current, they expand or contract, but only by

here is enormous increase in the number of combination products entering the market in the recent years. Combination products have proven advantages but fixe

iny amounts.

Advanced Cerametrics piezoelectric fibers, on the other hand, are flexible. They weigh as little as two grams for a transducer that can generate 40 volts. They pick up a wider range of vibration frequencies, and generate 75 percent more power from those vibrations.

Advanced Cerametrics pie

d dose combinations are still in the process of convincing regulatory authority on their advantages over the single ingredient formulations.

Combination pro

zoelectric fibers in an electric guitar pickup, for example, capture more sound from vibrating strings and relay that sound without pre- amplification!

And Advanced Cerametrics piezoelectric fibers outperform bulk piezos as electricity-to-motion transducers. They exert a stronger mechanical force over a

ucts have become life saving products for the pharmaceutical companies who doesn’t have many innovative molecules in their product pipeline and have been inc

arger range of motion at just 35 percent the weight. A two-gram active fiber composite strip can produce a blocking authority of 60 pounds!

Far-ranging applications

Advanced Cerametrics manufactures is piezoelectric fibers of lead zirconate titanate, or PZT. Applications for PZT fibers fall into the

easingly used in the product life cycle management. Even the companies having product patents are trying to extend their product life cycle through the combi

two broad categories, energy harvesting or actuation. Specifically, a few opportunities stand out.

Wireless sensing
Wireless sensing sounds like a great idea until someone asks, “Who’s going to change the batteries?” But if batteries don’t have to be replaced because they’re recharged in plac

nation products and maximize the revenues. But the companies involved in this practice are overlooking that they are burdening the patients both economically

– or they’re even eliminated – the game turns on its head, and the promise of wireless sensing can be fulfilled.

Most sensors are in environments were ambient waste mechanical energy is abundant, whether it’s inside an air duct or mounted on a motorized system. Advanced Cerametrics PZT fibers harvest tha

and physically. They need to rightly judge the benefits of the combination products and they have to even look at the risks involved when combining the produ

t mechanical energy to recharge the batteries or power the sensors directly, without batteries.

Applications for auto-powered monitoring range from aerospace to automotive to home appliances to biomedicine.

Lighting
The higher output power of Advanced Cerametrics piezoelectric fibers opens many

ts. Some of the combination products were well accepted by physicians while others suffered. Companies involved in development of combination products are fi

opportunities to power electroluminescent lighting on bridge decks, signage and buoys, among other applications.

Vibration damping
Advanced Cerametrics PZT composites turn motion into power and power into motion. Vibration damping uses both characteristics. When vibrations generate power, bu

ding difficulty in defining their combination products and facing various challenges from selecting a combination to marketing it.

Following aspects would a

lt-in circuitry relays the charge to a microprocessor, which measures the magnitude of the vibration and returns an amplified signal that either stiffens or relaxes the fiber actuators. They qualify as “smart systems” for their self-adjusting nature.

In one of the best-known applications of vibration damp

dd to the challenges in developing combination products:

Which markets to tap where the combination products can do fairly well?
Which combination prod

ing is by Head Sport AG of Kennelbach, Austria. Head uses Advanced Cerametrics PZT fiber composites to reduce tennis racket vibration and ski chatter.

General actuation
Advanced Cerametrics PZT fiber composites have a range of motion that opens entirely new vistas for energy-to-motion actuatio

cts are meaningful and rational?
Which therapeutic categories to select?
Which Combinations can address unmet needs of the patients?
Do combin

. For example, piezoelectric fibers have been used to bend small aircraft wing flaps as much as 22 degrees without hydraulics.

Conventional bulk piezos move such tiny amounts that, when used as actuators, they typically require intermediating mechanisms that amplify movement. The greater range of motion

tions increase the patient compliance?
What would be the developing cost?
How to tackle the risks encountered during combination product developmen

of fiber piezos may allow engineers to skip these intermediating devices.

Performance metrics

The metrics are impressive, and the technology is advancing fast.

Multilayer laminate composites with PZT fiber:

• Voltage output up to 400 Vpp
• PZT fiber diameter 10 µm to 250 µm
• Freq

t?

As combination products don't fit into the traditional categories of drugs, medical devices, or biological products, the USFDA is in the process of devel

ency is 10 kHz to 20 MHz
• No lateral wave interference
• Remarkable part-to-part repeatability
• 10x the charge output of other piezo forms
• User-defined shapes open more possibilities for applications
• No significant degradation of composite properties in tests of up to 200 million

ping new procedures for reviewing their safety, efficacy and quality.

Professional from academic institutions, pharmaceutical industries, health care indust

cycles

Summary and next steps

In our energy-hungry, battery-powered world, 19th-century piezoelectric materials have had little to contribute. But flexible piezoelectric fibers from Advanced Cerametrics offer 10 times the power output of older forms. They can be shaped in ways the user defines.

y and representatives from various regulatory agencies are working out to design the regulatory requirements for manufacture and sale of combination products

hey’re lighter, more sensitive and have greater actuation potential.

With these new fibers in the picture, we’re sure to see a rush of technologies that capitalize on their properties.

Where do interested engineers go from here?

• Visit advancedcerametrics.com and click “ACI in the News” for articles and

.

As there is an increasing trend of the combination products companies manufacturing such products should be able to tackle the problems involved in the de

technical specifications.
• Call Advanced Cerametrics at (609) 397-2900.

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Advanced Cerametrics of Lambertville, New Jersey, USA, won inclusion in R & D Magazine’s R&D 100 in 2003. Fortune Small Business magazine named Advanced Cerametrics one of its 14 Hot Sta

elopment. They need to be wiser in analyzing the market trends and the regulatory requirements.

Companies that provide selfless information through particip

tups for 2003. The company has won 24 Small Business Innovation Research grants, six Small Business Technology Transfer Research grants and DARPA’s Outstanding Contractor award (twice).

Since the mid-80s the company has been issued 16 patents on ceramic materials and processes. Several patents are pending

tion in industry events and feedback to regulatory authorities would be able to face the challenges and will be successful in developing combination products

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References - Harvesting Energy From Motion: New Fiber Technology Unlocks The Power Of Piezos

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